- Population: 200,452
- Size: 42.86 square miles
- Distance: 770 km
- Preferred Transport: Buses, Taxis
What enchanting secrets lie within the heart of Cyprus’ bountiful Mesaoria Plain? You may wonder. As adventurers, it’s our natural calling to seek. And seek, we must.
Perched at the center of this sprawling landscape, the captivating city of Nicosia stands as the proud capital of the Republic of Cyprus. Intersected by the gentle flow of the Pedieos River, this picturesque urban center is ringed by the dramatic peaks of the Kyrenia Mountains to the north and the rugged grandeur of the Troodos range to the south, creating a breathtaking natural backdrop.
But Nicosia’s significance extends far beyond its scenic splendor – it serves as the archiepiscopal seat of the autocephalous Church of Cyprus, granting the city a profound ecclesiastical importance. As the home of the country’s highest-ranking religious leader, the archbishop, Nicosia holds a revered position within the Cypriot cultural and spiritual landscape.
Nicosia offers visitors a captivating blend of history, architecture, and natural wonder. Travelers can wander the city’s storied streets, admire its timeless buildings, and bask in the awe-inspiring mountain vistas surrounding this compelling capital.
History of Nicosia
Throughout its history, Nicosia has been ruled by various powers, including the Byzantines, Lusignan kings, Venetians, Turks, and British. Known initially as Ledra in antiquity, the city’s name evolved into Lefkosia during the Byzantine era.
Now, I would like to share a brief history with you. Nicosia was established as a kingdom in the 7th century BCE and has functioned as a bishopric since the 4th century CE. Serving as the governmental center of Cyprus since the 10th century, the city’s fortified walls, initially constructed by the Lusignan kings and later rebuilt by the Venetians, were unable to prevent invasions by the Genoese in 1373, the Mamlūks in 1426, and the Turks in 1570.
As one of the most iconic landmarks in Nicosia, the Cathedral of St. Sophia stands as a silent witness to the city’s religious and political transformations. Initially built in 1209, completed in 1325, and later converted into the primary mosque of Cyprus in 1571, the cathedral was renamed the Selimiye Mosque in 1954 in honor of the Ottoman sultan Selim II, who oversaw the conquest of Cyprus.
During the 20th century, the city limits were expanded beyond the original Venetian walls, leading to the reconstruction of the old town. Following the Turkish intervention in 1974, a portion of the northern area of Nicosia, which includes the former international airport, has been under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Forces in Cyprus. This area acts as a boundary separating the Republic of Cyprus (south) from the Turkish Cypriot-administered regions (north).
How to Get There
The city is well-connected by roads to other major towns on the island. A new international airport was established in 1974 in Larnaca, located about 21 miles (34 km) southeast of Nicosia.
At the core of Nicosia lies the Ledra Street Crossing, a poignant representation of the city’s division. Once a bustling pedestrian crossing, it now serves as a stark reminder of the barriers separating Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities.
Let’s take a more keen look into the affairs of this city. What secrets does Nicosia hold? What can we find here?
Exploring Nicosia: A City Full of Historical Allure
Grand Phaneromeni Church
Without wasting time, you can head for the Grand Phaneromeni Church, a site with a history reflecting Islamic and Christian influences. The Sacred Temple of the Virgin Mary Phaneromenis is a prime example of this cultural blend. This active place of worship welcomes visitors to partake in services and admire its collection of ancient artifacts and detailed murals.
Located in the historic district of Nicosia, this church showcases remarkable Venetian architecture, earning it the nickname “Lady of Nicosia.” Its central location, surrounded by charming cafes, ensures that all paths eventually lead to this iconic landmark, making it a must-see destination for tourists and locals alike.
Athalassa National Forest Park
Athalassa is the nearest resemblance to a forest in Nicosia, encompassing a vast expanse of lush greenery. Situated on the city’s outskirts, it spans an impressive 840 hectares (3sq mi) and boasts a picturesque lake as its centerpiece.
The park provides ample room for children to frolic amidst the trees or at the playground adjacent to the park café. For those with an affinity for animals, a dedicated dog path encircles the park, offering breathtaking vistas of the city. Whether you seek a tranquil picnic spot, a stroll, or a rejuvenating encounter with nature, Athalassa is the perfect destination.
Wonders Of The Tombs Of The Kings
Archaeology enthusiasts will discover numerous activities to engage in while visiting Cyprus. Among the notable sites, the Tombs of the Kings stands out, showcasing remarkably well-preserved monuments dating back to the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
Famagusta Gate
The heart of Nicosia is adorned with the magnificent Famagusta Gate, a remarkable structure from the 16th century. Originally a crucial component of the Venetian walls surrounding the city, this gate stood as the primary entrance to Nicosia.
Visitors can explore the gate’s awe-inspiring architecture and gain insights into its historical significance through exhibits and guided tours. Moreover, this site serves as a venue for various cultural events and festivals all year round.
Venetian Walls
The Venetian walls in Lefkosia provide an exceptional outdoor experience for tourists. Constructed during the 16th century, these walls hold the prestigious title of being a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Exploring these walls allows visitors to enjoy breathtaking views of the city and its picturesque countryside while strolling or cycling. Moreover, the walls are a gateway to the city’s captivating history, featuring numerous towers and gates to discover.
Undoubtedly, spending a day outdoors at the Venetian walls is an incredible opportunity to delve into Lefkosia’s abundant cultural heritage.
Municipal Gardens
The Municipal Gardens in Nicosia offer a tranquil escape from the urban hustle and bustle. Tourists can unwind on the verdant lawns, explore the botanical gardens or picnic with friends and family. Moreover, the gardens boast a small zoo with various animals and birds, making it a perfect spot for children. As a result, the gardens are the ideal location to spend a laid-back afternoon surrounded by nature.
The Byzantine Art
The Byzantine Museum, located within the Makarios Cultural Foundation, is a must-visit for those fascinated by Cypriot religious artwork. Housing an impressive collection of 220 Christian icons dating back to the Byzantine through the 19th century, the museum’s main attraction for art enthusiasts is the Kanakaria Mosaics.
These valuable pieces were looted from a church in the Karpas Peninsula following the 1974 Turkish invasion. Still, they were successfully recovered and returned to the Republic of Cyprus in 1991 after a dramatic series of events involving illicit art dealers and an Interpol operation.
Architecture Of The Selimiye Mosque
The Selimiye Mosque, the most iconic landmark in North Nicosia, originally served as the Church of Agia Sofia and was completed in 1326 after a lengthy 78-year construction period. Following the Ottoman Empire’s conquest of the island in the 16th century, it has functioned as a mosque. This unique blend of intricate medieval church architecture and the simplicity of mosque design has resulted in a captivating space.
The grand interior of this typically Gothic structure has been whitewashed, devoid of any iconography. To visit, please bring a headscarf for females and dress modestly, refraining from wearing shorts or shoulder-less tops. The mosque is located just five minutes from the Ledra Street green line crossing.
The Ruins Of Bellapais Abbey
Bellapais, a charming village known for its association with writer Lawrence Durrell, is a quaint settlement with traditional whitewashed cottages cascading down the hillside towards the captivating ruins of Bellapais Abbey. Durrell penned his famous work, Bitter Lemons of Cyprus while residing in this village, capturing the essence of Cypriot village life during the twilight of British colonial rule.
The highlight of Bellapais is undoubtedly Bellapais Abbey, an ancient Augustinian monastery adorned with intricately carved arches and encircled by majestic cypress trees in its cloister. Visitors can enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of the North Cyprus coastline from the roof of the refectory.
Situated 25 kilometers north of North Nicosia, Bellapais lacks direct public transportation from the city. Without a personal vehicle, travelers can board one of the frequent minibusses departing from North Nicosia towards Kyrenia, followed by a short taxi ride to reach the village.
Kyrenia (Girne)
Kyrenia, also known as Girne, is a charming coastal town located 30 kilometers north of Nicosia in northern Cyprus. It is a lively hub for visitors seeking day trip options from Nicosia. The city boasts a picturesque small harbor, overlooked by a magnificent Byzantine-era castle. Exploring the old town district’s maze-like alleyways and Ottoman-period houses is a delightful experience.
Begin your visit by exploring the castle, which houses the Shipwreck Museum. Afterward, stroll along the harbor to discover the Folk Art Museum, housed in a beautifully restored carob warehouse. Venture further into the narrow lanes, and you will come across the Church of Archangel Michael (Cambulat Caddesi).
This church is home to a remarkable collection of religious icons from various churches across northern Cyprus. Getting to Kyrenia from North Nicosia is convenient. Frequent minibusses operate between the two towns, making it easily accessible for a day trip using public transportation.
Experience the Mediterranean Culinary Delights
The stunning city of Nicosia offers an enticing selection of Mediterranean flavors. From traditional Cypriot meze dishes to locally produced wines and spirits, there is an abundance of options to satisfy every palate.
To truly experience Nicosia, one must indulge in the traditional Cypriot meze, a culinary tradition showcasing diverse and rich Mediterranean cuisine. The meze consists of an assortment of small dishes served family-style, allowing diners to savor a wide range of flavors and textures. From the delectable grilled halloumi cheese to the succulent kebabs and flavorful dips, the meze is a feast that will leave you feeling content and fulfilled.
Cypriot cuisine is renowned for its focus on fresh, locally sourced ingredients. The dishes burst with flavor and vitality thanks to the key ingredients, including ripe tomatoes, crisp cucumbers, fragrant herbs, and spices. Seafood also takes center stage in Cypriot cuisine. Famous dishes include grilled octopus, fried calamari, and marinated sardines. Take the time to enjoy and celebrate the Mediterranean flavors in all their glory.
While in Nicosia, try out some of the island’s famous cheeses. Halloumi, a semi-hard cheese crafted from sheep’s and goat’s milk, is a Cypriot delicacy that garnered global recognition for its distinct texture and taste. Whether grilled, fried, or enjoyed fresh with watermelon, halloumi is a versatile ingredient that enhances the flavor of any dish.
Complementing your meal, savor some of the local wines and spirits Cyprus is renowned for. Indulge in a glass of zivania, a traditional Cypriot spirit distilled from grape pomace. Its smooth, fiery flavor is particularly suitable for warming up on a chilly Mediterranean evening.
Nicosia presents a sensory feast that will leave you yearning for more. So arrive with an appetite and stop at nothing to enjoy all the city has to offer.
Also See: What to do in Tirana Albania!
Explore the Surrounding Countryside and Coastline
When it comes to coastline exploration, one of the most remarkable natural wonders close to Nicosia is the Troodos Mountains, a rugged range that dominates the island’s inland scenery. Here, you can enjoy exhilarating hiking trails, old-fashioned mountain villages, and breathtaking views. The Troodos Mountains are a haven for outdoor enthusiasts and nature admirers alike.
Embark on a challenging hike to Mount Olympus, the highest peak on the island. Take a leisurely walk through pine-scented forests or the Troodos Mountains.
For those searching for sun, sand, and sea, the coastal town of Kyrenia, just a short drive from Nicosia, is a must-visit. With its charming harbor, ancient castle, and sandy beaches, Kyrenia offers a perfect mix of history, culture, and relaxation. Spend your days sunbathing and basking on the beach. Explore historic sites, or savoring fresh seafood at seaside restaurants with Mediterranean sea views. The city is all yours to take in.
The countryside surrounding Nicosia is a treasure trove of hidden gems waiting to be discovered. From olive groves and vineyards to citrus orchards and traditional Cypriot villages, there are abundant picturesque landscapes and charming rural experiences to explore.
Rent a car and embark on a scenic drive through the countryside.
Cost Of Travel In Nicosia
Budgeting around $112 (€103) per day for your vacation in Cyprus is recommended. This daily estimate is based on the expenses typically incurred by other travelers. On average, you can expect to spend:
-$45 (€42) on meals
-$13 (€12) on local transportation
-$103 (€95) on accommodations/hotels
Heading Out To The Next Destination: Paphos, Cyprus
After exploring Nicosia, the trip proceeds in a southwest direction and towards the coastal paradise of Paphos, Cyprus. Paphos.
Like many other Mediterranean destinations, Paphos is renowned for its breathtaking coastline, significant history, and archaeological wonders.
